Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Many water-saving techniques have been developed for rice production in response to\nirrigation water scarcity. The selection of the water-saving methods and the optimum thresholds for\nobtaining maximum benefits of these regimes are largely site-specific depending mainly on soil\ntype, soil texture, and the environment. A two-year (2017 and 2018) experiment was conducted to\nevaluate the response of the agronomic growth performance, yield, and water use of super rice\nvarieties under different irrigation regimes in Jiangsu Province, China. The irrigation regimes were\ncomprised of different water-controlled thresholds, in different growth stages. Treatments included\ntraditional flooding irrigation (FI, as the control) and the following four water-saving irrigation\n(WSI) regimes: shallow adjusting irrigation (WSI1), rainwater-catching and controlled irrigation\n(WSI2), controlled irrigation (WSI3), and drought planting with straw mulching (WSI4). The results\nshowed that WSI treatments significantly increased the irrigation water use efficiency by 20.60% to\n56.92% as compared with FI. The WSI treatments significantly decreased the crop\nevapotranspiration during the rice growth period. ............................
Weed incidence and biomass in tree crop plantations are mainly influenced\nby environmental, farm management practices and cropping systems. Manipulation\nof intercropping systems to improve weed management in coffee\nintercropped with oil palm requires a better understanding of spatial and\ntemporal dynamics of weeds. To evaluate the effect of weed incidence and\nbiomass in coffee intercropped with oil palm in avenue and hollow square\narrangement, a study was carried out in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria\n(CRIN) in two locations...........................
The Florida citrus industry is going through major changes and considerable replanting.\nMany growers are planting varieties, especially rootstocks, that are potentially productive under\nHuanglongbing (HLB; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) prevalent conditions. However, the high\ndemand for new plant material has put tremendous pressure on citrus nurseries and has created a\nbottleneck in production. Often it can take more than one year to produce field-transplant ready\nplants in nurseries; therefore, there is a critical need to accelerate plant production. This three-part\nstudy was conducted with the following objectives: (1) determine citrus nursery trends; (2) evaluate\nuse of compost for rootstock germination; and, (3) evaluate use of compost for rootstock seedling\ngrowth. According to the nursery survey, rootstock seed germination and seedling growth were the\nmost time-consuming, taking 6â??8 months. Moreover, it was apparent from the survey results that\n44% of the citrus nurseries were experimenting with potting mixes to achieve adequate plant growth\nand quality. Our greenhouse study demonstrated successful use of yard waste compost in place of\npeat moss in a potting mix. With use of 37% to 50% of compost in the potting mix, the overall\ngermination rate and mean emergence time were improved to 70% in less than four weeks for US-\n897 rootstock as compared to no compost in the potting mix. In addition, 37% to 50% compost\nresulted in higher biomass accumulation in seedlings. When seedlings of rootstocks C-32 and Flying\nDragon were grown with 37% to 50% compost, the growth rate and, therefore, percentage of\nsuccessful budding were significantly increased as compared to no compost. In addition, substrate\nanalysis indicated that a high compost potting media was rich in mineral nutrients, hence the use\nof fertilizer in nurseries could be minimized. Altogether, use of compost in place of peat moss seems\npromising and could accelerate germination and growth of rootstocks, reducing the production time\nas well as cost....
In order to integrate genomics in breeding and development of drought-tolerant groundnut\ngenotypes, identification of genomic regions/genetic markers for drought surrogate traits is essential.\nWe used 3249 diversity array technology sequencing (DArTSeq) markers for a genetic analysis of 125\nICRISAT groundnut mini core collection evaluated in 2015 and 2017 for genome-wide marker-trait\nassociation for some physiological traits and to determine the magnitude of linkage disequilibrium\n(LD). Marker-trait association (MTA) analysis, probability values, and percent variation modelled by\nthe markers were calculated using the GAPIT package via the KDCompute interface. The LD analysis\nshowed that about 36% of loci pairs were in significant LD (p < 0.05 and r2 > 0.2) and 3.14% of the pairs\nwere in complete LD. The MTAs studies revealed 20 significant MTAs (p < 0.001) with 11 markers.\nFour MTAs were identified for leaf area index, 13 for canopy temperature, one for chlorophyll content\nand two for normalized difference vegetation index. The markers explained 20.8% to 6.6% of the\nphenotypic variation observed. Most of the MTAs identified on the A subgenome were also identified\non the respective homeologous chromosome on the B subgenome. This could be due to a common\nancestor of the A and B genome which explains the linkage detected between markers lying on\ndifferent chromosomes. The markers identified in this study can serve as useful genomic resources\nto initiate marker-assisted selection and trait introgression of groundnut for drought tolerance after\nfurther validation....
The objective was to evaluate aromatic plantsâ?? effects on the acceptance, preference, egg\nload, and life span of females of the twospotted spider mite (TSSM) in laboratory experiments and\nTSSM population under aromatic plantsâ?? intercropping in greenhouse experiments. The\npseudofruits production was also evaluated. For the laboratory, basilâ??s, Chinese chivesâ??, chivesâ??,\nand garlicâ??s influence on TSSM were tested on strawberry leaves. Four laboratory experiments\nwere conducted: (1) Multiple choice test; (2) T-shaped arena test; (3) hostâ??plant acceptance on\naromatic plant or strawberry leaves; and (4) performance of TSSMs on strawberry leaves under\naromatic plant influence. For the greenhouse experiments, assessments of the TSSM populations\nwere realized by observing TSSM with a 10Ã? magnifying glass on strawberry leaves in a monocrop\nor intercropped with Chinese chives, chives, garlic, or onion. Pseudofruit production was\nevaluated. Our results show that strawberry leaves were strongly preferred by TSSM. The\nT-shaped arena test revealed that all aromatic plants repel the TSSM. The test with the performance\nof TSSM females revealed that aromatic plants affected the miteâ??s biological parameters. Chinese\nchives reduced the number of eggs laid per day by 33.22%, whereas garlic reduced the number by\n17.30% and chives reduced it by 12.46%. The total number of eggs was reduced by 34.79% with\nChinese chives and 25.65% with garlic. Greenhouse experiments showed that chives reduced TSSM\npopulations on two cycles and Chinese chives and garlic reduced TSSM populations on the first\ncycle only. With our findings, we suggest that Chinese chives, chives, and garlic are the primary\ncandidates for intercropping use against TSSM. Chinese chives and garlic reduced the total number\nof eggs, but only garlic reduced female mite longevity. However, none of the intercropping plants\nimproved strawberry pseudofruit production....
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